Burrell: 'I hoped to continue playing'
Warning: This article contains details of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not collect enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has placed significant attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating inclusive cultures, with its success tracked via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in under-served communities and help them succeed on and off the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident others will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create opportunities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022